Grassland Chapter. In Kachchh, 39.05 per cent of the respondents had stated this as a main cause of degradation. Overgrazing: Grazing if done in a controlled manner is advantageous to the grassland and highly important to maintain the ecosystem. Pastoralists of Banni now supply 60,000 litres of milk per day produced by their animals. The groundwater table is very low and excessively saline. Dhyeya IAS® - Best UPSC IAS CSE Online Coaching | Best UPSC Coaching | Top IAS Coaching in Delhi | Top CSE Coaching, राजनीति विज्ञान एवं अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंध (वैकल्पिक विषय), यूपीएससी Champion, Sir H.G. Ecorestoration of Banni Grassland. While the condition of reserved vidis is generally good (e.g., the Rampura grasslands in Dahod), the non-reserved vidis are in terrible condition due to mismanagement, corruption and neglect (Grassland Chapter 2009). The Banni supports a total population of 16,783 people and 57,073 livestock (Dave and Dholakia 2010), which is over three times the human population. Environment - UPSC > Banni Grassland > Flashcards Flashcards in Banni Grassland Deck (10) Loading flashcards... 1 Where are Maldhari leaving their villages ? About 150 species of migratory and resident birds are found here along with a rich diversity of herpetofauna and other invertebrates. Agriculture is practically impossible in Banni since it is ecologically not viable. During the early days the rivers, which were flowing from the Kachchh mainland to Banni, were not only depositing the detritus and maintaining the soil moisture, but also leached the salinity of the area during good rainfall years. As a result, a maximum concentration of 55 per cent of the human and 65 per cent of the livestock population is centered in the central Banni region, creating excessive pressure on this area (GUIDE 2004). The region is believed to have been formed due to seismic activities and marine processes operating in the north along with fluvial deposition by the Indus and other rivers during the Vedic period. UPSC ACHIEVERS; CURRENT AFFAIRS IN ENGLISH. Patel and V. Devi. About Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology (GUIDE) The GUIDE is located at Bhuj. Akanksha Ghotkar . 86323. Mahajan, V. and c. Bharadwaja. Grasslands occupy nearly 30 million sq km or 23 per cent of the earth’s land surface (FAO 1978) and are mainly distributed in areas of low and erratic rainfall which support nearly 30-43 million pastoralists, dependent on livestock and grasslands for their livelihood and are seldom used for growing crops, production of fuel wood, recreation and tourism. The IBAs contain a range of habitats, such as wetlands, mudflats, microhabitats in biodiversity hotspots, grasslands and scrublands, making them excellent indicators of biodiversity richness (India’s 5 th National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2014). The book was presented to the Prime Minister by the scientists of Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology (GUIDE). The continued existence of biodiversity and the grassland ecosystem as well as the sustenance of livelihoods needs proper management of both grassland and P. juliflora in the Banni region. The Kaziranga National Park (KNP) had been split into two divisions —the This was followed by Region I (97.48 per cent), Cluster II (93.22 per cent), Cluster IV (82.98 per cent) and Cluster I (75.61 per cent). Banni: Samrudhdh Varsa ni Orakh ane Jatan. These grasslands are home to a pastoral community called the Maldhari. May 2016. The Birds of Banni Grassland is book based on environment and consists of a compilation of the research work, relating to .. Repeated cutting resulted in thickets of P. juliflora due to its coppicing nature. Chhari Dhand ‘Chhari’ means salt affected and ‘dhand’ means shallow wetland. The grasslands (Horn et al. In principle, this does not involve any change in the legal status as any degraded forest can be brought under the JFM. In ecology every factor is crucially interlinked with another. Respondent’s information: Of the 56 respondents, 50 were Muslims and only six were Hindus; the majority (30.77 per cent) belonged to the tribal Muslim Jat community residing across eight villages. In addition to this, the community produces good quality ghee (clarified butter) and mava (condensed milk) for their own consumption and sometimes for sale. Drought: Kachchh falling within the arid area faces frequent droughts, which influences the biomass production and leads to a resource crunch. About Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology (GUIDE) The GUIDE is located at Bhuj. The monotony is broken for the traveller and the sheep and goats munch and crunch happily on the proteinous pods. The Banni grasslandsused to look like an oasis in Kutch: The district’s usual dry and sandy terrain would transform into a green carpet. The Llanos grasslands have made into the biggest grasslands due to their vast area of 570,000 sq. 2016. improve human livelihoods and the equitable sharing of benefits, and to Now settled, they persist in using virdas. that are meant to demonstrate a balanced relationship between people and nature. 564, pP. Even while some of them managed to move to urban centres or explore alternative livelihood options, many more have been forced to undertake long migrations or become casual labourers. The actual effect could be still higher as people refrrain from declaring this as illegal. The least response was from Cluster III with only 34.26 per cent respondents stating this as a problem of high severity (Table 1). 2011. There is neither a declared grazing policy nor any systematic programme for its development in the state. The Banni grassland of Gujarat (near Rann of Kutch) is the largest natural grassland in the Indian subcontinent known for its scarce rainfall and semi-drought conditions. Birding spot Kutch Kutch is the second largest district in India covering an area of 45, 612 sq. During the normal rainfall years, livestock from neighboring talukas and districts of Kachchh and even from other states migrate into Banni for grazing. Prime Minister Narendra Modi released a book titled “The Birds of Banni Grassland” in New Delhi. Introduction of P. juliflora to stop desertification in the initial years and lack of proper silvicultural practices led to the spread of this species as a weed. in the Indian subcontinent known for its scarce rainfall and semi-drought reserves, Coastal Grasslands: the coastal grasslands in India are spread over beach sand forming a thick mat-like cover. Other than the Banni and Naliya grasslands, there are three types of grassland: Type One comprises of the grasslands on the hilly undulating area of Bhuj, Mandvi, Anjar and Mundra, spread over an area of 4,73,284.80 ha, which is 20.5 per cent of the total area of Kachchh mainland; Type Two includes the grasslands on the hilly undulating areas of Bhachau and Rapar occupying 4,35,427 ha (22.3 per cent) of the total area of Kachchh mainland; while the third important region includes the grasslands of the coastal areas of Lakhpat, Abdasa, Mandvi, Mundra, Anjar and Bhachau talukas, spreading over an area of 4,10,303.70 ha, and forming 15.46 per cent of the total area of Kachchh (Grassland Chapter 2009). The literal meaning of Maldhari is keeper (dhari) of the animal stock (mal). Great- Nicobar- Andaman and Nicobar Island, Agasthyamala - (Western Ghat) Kerala & Tamilnadu. Overgrazing by native as well as migrant livestock is another major problem in Banni. Based on the analysis at Kachchh it was evident that the response towards this factor as a reason of degradation was less (22.86 per cent). It was reported that there are 6,287 families, out of which 3,492 families (56 per cent) fall below the poverty line. The construction of a dam and reduction of fresh water inflow acted as a catalyst for the spread of P. juliflora. FAO. Banni Grasslands are known for rich wildlife,biodiversity and supports numerous animal genetic resources like Banni buffalo, Kankrej Cattle, Sheep, Goat, Camel and horse. When the regions and clusters as a whole were considered, it was a severe threat in Cluster III (73.15 per cent) and Region I (72.86 per cent) followed by Cluster II (69.49 per cent) and Cluster IV (63.83 per cent). Drought: It is one of the important natural factors responsible for the degradation of the Banni grassland. एवं संस्कृति (Indian Art & Culture), डाउनलोड ध्येय IAS परफेक्ट - 7 साप्ताहिक पत्रिका, Brain Boosters for UPSC & State PCS Approximately 40% of the world’s birds migrate, which means there a lot of birds on the move! Grasses are one of the most important natural resources for human beings. The book contains short descriptions and photographs of all the recorded bird species of Banni Grassland for researchers, academicians, birdwatchers, 1968. This situation predominantly affected the soil moisture and led to grassland degradation (GUIDE 1998). Following the non-availability of Acacia in the wild, locals started using P. juliflora as fuel wood. The book was presented to the Prime Minister by the scientists of Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology (GUIDE). The management interventions in Banni have been taken without any proper background studies on the economics and ecological implications. 2009). Within society, the maldharis are traditional dairymen, supplying essential commodities like butter, ghee, milk, wool and manure to urban towns and villages. Overall, 90.48 per cent of the respondents had identified the P. juliflora invasion as the major cause of degradation. In the 1960s, the government wanted to protect this region from salinity ingress from the Rann of Kutch. Coastal Grasslands: the coastal grasslands in India are spread over beach sand forming a thick mat-like cover. Among the regions and clusters, in Cluster I, 41.46 per cent of the respondents had stated this as a reason for degradation, followed by Region I (41.21 per cent), Cluster II (40.67 per cent), Cluster III (39.81 per cent) and Cluster IV (34.05 per cent). in the desert ecosystems of India. The main reasons for the degradation include increasing soil salinity, invasion of Prosopis juliflora, grazing pressures, water scarcity, desertification and climate change. These grasslands are home to a pastoral community called the Maldhari. The effect on the grassland was in terms of reduction in quality. water scarcity. A traveller s notes: The first Bollywood film released in Saudi Arabia is? They are found all over the Banni grasslands, a part of the Great Rann of Kutch in Gujarat. After driving around the Banni grasslands, it offers a decent place to eat lunch and avoid the heat of mid-day. SAC. From these figures it is evident that eastern Banni has already lost its capacity to sustain human as well as livestock population and the western part of Banni too is slowly losing its capacity. Banni 2 Why are they leaving Banni grasslands ? Nilgiris upper region is classified as southern grassland mountain grassland. Among the regions and clusters, Cluster I had maximum respondents stating livestock migration as the main cause (53.66 per cent) followed by Cluster IV (51.06 per cent), Region II (45.08 per cent) and Cluster II (43.07 per cent) and Region I (40.75 per cent). In India, grasslands constitute about 5, 48,850 sq km or 16.6 per cent of India’s geographical area; these include arid and semi-arid grasslands occurring in eastern Rajasthan, Gujarat, Western Madhya Pradesh and parts of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab and Southern parts of Jammu and Kashmir. Many of the villages surrounding Chhari Dhand send their cattle to spend a few months near the lake and men from the villages camp out around. Vegetation is double layered storey with closed canopy which hardly permits a single ray of sunlight to penetrate in the natural vegetation. Though the Banni grassland was declared as a Protected Forest more than half a century ago, Gujarat state's forest department has only recently proposed a special plan to restore and manage this ecosystem in a more efficient way. This video is unavailable. 2006). Banni Grasslands. About Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology (GUIDE) The GUIDE is located at Bhuj. 85716. By using this site, you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. A total of 30.29 per cent of the respondents attributed this as a reason for degradation. Banni grassland reserve is also located in the Kutch district of Gujarat. 2003). Banni Grasslands Reserve: I forms a belt of arid grassland ecosystem on the outer southern edge of the desert of the marshy salt flats of Rann of Kutch in Kutch District, Gujarat The Chari-Dhand wetland conservation reserve: It is located on the edge of arid Banni grasslands and the marshy salt flats of the Rann of Kutch in Kutch District, Gujarat State in India Varying estimates put their population at anywhere between 25 to 40 lakh. The Banni grassland ecosystem—on the southern edge of the Great Rann—is a major grazing land for maldharis. 2: IRS LISS III Satellite Imagery of Banni Grasslands (October, 2010). In Cluster I, the majority of respondents stated this as low (Table 1). Banni Grasslands are known for rich wildlife,biodiversity and supports numerous animal genetic resources like Banni buffalo, Kankrej Cattle, Sheep, Goat, Camel and horse. ‘Local perceptions of Grassland change and priorities for conservation of natural resources in Banni (Gujarat) India.’ Frontiers of Biology in China, 4.4:549–56. Interaction with the locals and literature reviews revealed that Banni was once dominated by Acacia nilotica but exploitation of the species for timber and fuel wood coupled with the spread of P. juliflora led to its disappearance from most of Banni. Pastoral lifestyle of the communities not only conserved its rich animal genetic resources but also protected the Banni grassland ecosystem. (Table 1): Severity of factors influencing Grassland Degradation in different Regions and Clusters based on Questionnaire Survey. 85051. Within society, the maldharis are traditional dairymen, supplying essential commodities like butter, ghee, milk, wool and manure to urban towns and villages. So, if you are a nature enthusiast, hit the gas and head to Chhari Dhand. Banni, the largest grassland of Asia, situated near the Great Rann of Kutch, is in the grip of a severe drought. These grasslands are found on the fertile river plains of the Indo-Gangetic plain, Brahmaputra plain and rivers of central India like Narmada, Cauveri, Krishna, etc. These plantations are being undertaken by the Gujarat State Forest Department (GSFD) and Gujarat Energy Development Agency (GEDA) as a form of energy resource developmen, which is usually done in the grasslands, gauchar (grassland for cattle) and other Common Property Land Resources in the villages. There is a policy need to recognize the role of scientific studies and a ‘systems’ approach in managing the grazing lands. Banni Grasslands Reserve or Banni grasslands form a belt of arid grassland ecosystem on the outer southern edge of the desert of the marshy salt flats of Rann of Kutch in Kutch District, Gujarat State, India. So, if you are a nature enthusiast, hit the gas and head to Chhari Dhand. Jadhav, R.N., M.M. Dumhal is a dance performed in Jammu and Kashmir by the Watal tribes. The household survey data and group discussions also reveal the preference of large sections of the pastoral community for grassland regeneration over incomes from wood-charcoal. In fact, most grasslands are located between forests and deserts. Other than the Banni and Naliya grasslands, there are three types of grassland: Type One comprises of the grasslands on the hilly undulating area of Bhuj, Mandvi, Anjar and Mundra, spread over an area of 4,73,284.80 ha, which is 20.5 per cent of the total area of Kachchh mainland; Type Two includes the grasslands on the hilly undulating areas of Bhachau and Rapar occupying 4,35,427 ha … 2. This factor, from the stakeholders’ viewpoint emerged as an important reason for the degradation of grassland in terms of forage quality. They form an important ecosystem in Gujarat supporting a diverse array of wild floral and faunal species including certain threatened species. OGP InstaClasses- Classroom Program - 2021 (Online) OGP InstaClasses - Classroom Program - 2021 (Offline - Bangalore) Integrated Prelims cum Mains (IPM) Program - 2021; Year-Long Mains Test Series - 2021 ; INSTA Prelims Test Series Program - 2021; Prelims Thematic Test Series (June -2020 to … ‘Grasslands of Kachchh', in State of Environment of Kachchh (SoEK), eds. 85705. of THE FORSAKEN DRYLANDS; a symposium on some of India's most invisible people’ no. Prior to the invasion of Prosopis juliflora, people used to sustain themselves only from a Livestock Based Income (LBI), but now there are many livelihood and economic options generated through the P. juliflora and their income has increased manifold from Non-Livestock Based Income (NLBI). The Birds of Banni Grassland is book based on environment and consists of a compilation of the research work, relating to more than 250 species of birds found in the Banni area. 85648. Kimothi and A.K. 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